猪伪狂犬病病毒囊膜蛋白免疫刺激复合物的制备

以非离子去污剂Mega-10裂解病毒囊膜蛋白，与新型佐剂ISCOM基质作用，应用离心和透析相结合的方法制备了猪伪狂犬病病毒囊膜蛋白免疫刺激复合物（PRV－ISCOMs）。PRV－ISCOMs经磷钨酸负染后电镜观察见到囊膜蛋白分布在ISCOM颗粒表面，形成直径30－40nm的笼格状结构，同时将PRV－ISCOMs在－20℃冻融5次后经电镜观察仍见到典型的笼格状结构，与国外报道的形态一致，本结果证实我们成功地制备了具有良好稳定性的PRV－IS－COMs。     

Proliferative glomerulonephritis in experimental Leishmania donovani infection of the golden hamster

Extensive kidney involvement is reported in golden hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani. The lesion is characterised grossly by pale and enlarged kidneys, and histologically by thickening of the basal lamina of the glomerulus, distended convuluted tubules containing protein casts, constricted glomerular capillaries and infiltration of the interstitial tissues with mononuclear cells. Quantitative measurement of the glomerular cells labelled in vivo with tritiated thymidine showed a striking increase in the glomerular cell proliferation as the infection progressed. Using direct immunofluorescent technique, granular deposits of IgG, complement C₃ and fibrinogen were detected in the glomeruli of the infected animals. A positive protamine sulphate test, as well as histological evidence, showed that disseminated intravascular coagulation had occurred in the infection. Although the antigens have not been identified, antigen-antibody complexes are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of the proliferative glomerulonephritis observed in this study.     

Microdetermination of protease activity in humic bands of different sizes after analytical isoelectric focusing

Summary Extracellular benzoyl-l,-argininamide (BAA)-hydrolysing protease was extracted with neutral pyrophosphate from an arable soil and fractionated by membrane ultrafiltration. There were three fractions: A₁ (molecular weight > 10⁵), A_II (molecular weight 10⁴–10⁵), and R (molecular weight < 10⁴). Analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF) of the fractions was carried out on polyacrylamide gels with a restricted pH gradient of 4.0 to 5.0. Two extracellular proteases characterized soil extract E, with one peak (Ip 4.44) bound to a large amount of humic matter and the other (Ip 4.06) bound to a small amount of humus. Following ultrafiltration, the humus-enzyme complex of extract E (Ip 4.44) split into the fractions A_I, A_II, and R, and was displaced at Ip values that depended on the electrophysical properties of bound organic matter, whereas that at Ip 4.06 was completely removed from the extract E and accumulated only into the low-molecular-weight fraction R. High recoveries of absolute activity were obtained after IEF of the whole extract E, and fractions A_II and R, but only about 50% was recovered from fraction A_I.It appears that humic substances have reversible inhibitory effects on extracellular proteases, since the maximum recoveries of activity were obtained from fractions where high amounts of protease non-active organic matter had been removed by IER IEF was able to fractionate humic molecules and purify humic-protease complexes on the basis of smaller differences in Ip, and even smaller differences of 0.05 pH units. The present results show that BAA hydrolysing proteases were preferentially linked with a specific class of humic molecules with an Ip of close to 4.44.Joint program CNR (Italy) — C.S.I.C. (Spain), no. 7, 1985–1986. This paper is part of the doctoral thesis of Prof. M. Bonmati     

Hypercoagulability in cats with cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is a common complication of feline cardiomyopathy; however, the pathogenesis of ATE is unknown. HYPOTHESIS: Systemic activation of the coagulation cascade (hypercoagulability) and endothelial injury promote ATE in cardiomyopathic cats. ANIMALS: Healthy cats (n = 30) and 3 groups of cardiomyopathic cats: Group (1) left atrial enlargement only (LAE [n = 11]), ie, left atrial to aortic ratio >1.4; Group (2) LAE with spontaneous echocardiographic contrast, atrial thrombi or both (SEC-T [n = 16]); and Group (3) acute ATE with LAE (n = 16). METHODS: Hypercoagulability was defined by 2 or more laboratory abnormalities reflecting coagulation factor excess (high fibrinogen concentration or Factor VIII coagulant activity), inhibitor deficiency (low antithrombin activity), or thrombin generation (high thrombin-antithrombin complex [TAT] and d-dimer concentrations). High von Willebrand factor antigen concentration (vWF : Ag) was considered a marker of endothelial injury. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: The 3 groups of cats with cardiac disease had higher median fibrinogen concentrations than did the healthy cats. Criteria of hypercoagulability were found exclusively in cats with SEC-T (50%) and ATE (56%). Hypercoagulability was not associated with left atrial size or congestive heart failure (CHF). ATE cats had significantly higher median vWF : Ag concentration than did the other groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Systemic hypercoagulability is evident in many cardiomyopathic cats, often without concurrent CHF or overt ATE. Hypercoagulabilty may represent a risk factor for ATE. High vWF : Ag in ATE cats was attributed to downstream endothelial injury from the occlusive thrombus.     

添喂赖氨酸席夫碱 铜配合物对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响

选用4只体重约40 kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的新疆美利奴羯羊按分期试验设计，分别添喂赖氨酸席夫碱-铜配合物0（第Ⅰ期）、4（第Ⅱ期）、8（第Ⅲ期）g/d·只，以研究不同水平的赖氨酸席夫碱 铜配合物对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响。结果表明：随着添喂水平的提高，绵羊对玉米秸秆干物质的采食量增加，其中添喂量为8 g/d·只组与0 g/d·只组相比，采食量提高了12.5％（P＜0.05）。瘤胃液pH在4 g/d·只组与对照组之间无明显差异（P＞0.05），添喂8 g/d·只时在前3 h内具有明显减缓瘤胃液pH下降的作用。各组瘤胃液NH3-N含量差异不明显（P＞0.05），但8 g/d·只组的整体瘤胃液NH3-N含量有降低趋势。添喂赖氨酸席夫碱-铜配合物可降低乙酸和TVFA含量，提高丙酸和丁酸含量，使瘤胃发酵由乙酸型向丙酸型转变。本试验结果表明，添喂赖氨酸席夫碱 铜配合物对绵羊瘤胃发酵有一定的调节作用。     

Extension of the concept of kinship, relationship, and inbreeding to account for linked epistatic complexes

Although epistatic effects are well defined and, in principle, can be exploited in quantitative-genetic selection theory, they often are ignored or even treated as nuisance parameters in practical applications. Traditionally, epistasis is considered as an interaction between genes at unspecified loci. Inspired by the observation that functional genes are often organised in physical clusters, we developed a model to combine additive effects and additive × additive interactions in linked gene clusters of defined length. Malécot's kinship concept is extended to identity by descent probabilities for chromosome segments of a given length in Morgan units, called epistatic kinship. Using the analogy of Malécot's kinship and Wright's relationship and inbreeding coefficients, epistatic relationship coefficients and epistatic inbreeding coefficients are defined. Simple rules are given to set up the epistatic numerator relationship matrix and its inverse directly from a pedigree list. The well-known single locus parameters and algorithms to set up the additive numerator relationship matrix and its inverse are a special case of the suggested methodology for a chromosome segment length of null Morgan. A proof of concept of the suggested method is given with a small simulation study. Assuming additive, linked epistatic and residual variance components, 100 replicated data sets for 1000 individuals are generated. From these data, residual maximum likelihood estimates of the variance components and of the chromosome segment size are obtained. Potential applications of the methodology are discussed. Given that a substantial variance component is attributed to this effect, the expected genetic gain can be increased on the short term if selection is on additive and epistatic effects, the latter comprising additive × additive interaction effect of loci in linkage disequilibrium. This extra benefit, however, will diminish through crossing over in subsequent generations. Despite some practical problems yet to be solved, the suggested model and algorithms open new perspectives to use a higher proportion of genetic variability in selection and breeding.     

金银花中主要内含物最佳浸提条件研究

[目的]为了确定金银花的最适浸提条件,为加工金银花饮料提供参考。[方法]通过花水比、温度、时间三因素二水平正交试验,测定水浸出物、氨基酸、黄酮和绿原酸含量并分析其变化情况。[结果]金银花中水浸出物的最适浸提条件为:花水比1∶40,温度80℃,时间20 min,水浸出物含量为45.96%;金银花中绿原酸的最适浸提条件为:花水比1∶40,温度80℃,时间15 min,绿原酸含量为4.09%;金银花中氨基酸的最适浸提条件为:花水比1∶30,温度70℃,时间10 min,氨基酸含量为2.02%;金银花中黄酮的最适浸提条件为:花水比1∶40,温度80℃,时间15 min,黄酮含量为0.826 2%。[结论]金银花的最适浸提条件是花水比1∶30~1∶40,温度70~80℃,时间10~15min。     

不同耕作施肥条件下玉米连作对黑土有机无机复合体性状的影响

本文研究了不同耕作、施肥条件下玉米连作对黑土有机无机复合体组成、土壤有机碳及氮、磷在各级复合体中分配的影响。结果表明,经常施用有机肥料条件下的玉米连作可使土壤中粉粒复合体含量、土壤及各级复合体的有机碳、氮、磷的含量有不同程度的提高,并可使粉粒复合体的有机碳贮量也相应增加;玉米连作时如果连年秋翻,可促进土壤有机质的分解,各级复合体的有机碳含量及粉粒复合体的数量均相对减少,很少秋翻的土壤的情况则与之相反;玉米连作年限的长短,对有机无机复合体组成、有机碳含量及其在各级复台体中的分配的影响,主要取决于土壤的耕作、施肥及管理水平,经常施用有机肥并很少秋翻条件下的玉米连作,有利于土壤有机质的保持与积累,并促进土壤肥力的提高。     

小鼠腔前卵泡卵母细胞的采集和体外成熟

酶消化配合机械分离，采集１０日龄小鼠腔前卵泡中的卵母细胞一颗粒细胞复合作（ＯＧＣｓ），以自制的胶原膜为底物，在 ＭＥＭ培养液中培养 １０ ｄ．卵母细胞－颗粒细胞复合体由 １１０． ５±１８． ６ μｍ增长到 １８４．４±６０． ６ μｍ，卵母细胞由 ５６． ２５±２． ０ μｍ增长到 ８２． ０±１０． ５μｍ．３６．７％的ＯＧＣ．具有５层以上颗粒细胞，其中９．１％放出第一极体。     

重庆南岸区山地景观生态复合体的景观组成特点分析

选择山地城市中具有典型景观生态复合体特色的重庆主城区南滨路到南山风景区山脊范围为研究对象,主要采用景观生态学的理论和研究方法,分析了山地城市景观生态复合体的景观组成特点,以及海拔梯度变化与人为干扰对景观组成特点的影响,旨在研究人为干扰对景观格局的影响.